Ten 3D-printed buildings have been put on display in Shanghai, built by using a mixture of sand, concrete, and glass fiber as ink. At a cost of 20,000 to 30,000 yuan each and intended as offices, the structures have been erected in suburban Qingpu District without using any brick, tile, or sheet metal. The structures can either be printed on site or assembled from pre-printed walls, with the material being produced in a fully-digital way through a central computer system. The walls are hollow inside, and can be filled with anything the owner wants. The idea was pioneered by Ma Yihe, CEO of Shanghai Yingchuang Design and Engineering Co., Ltd. He said, “The material has been transformed from industrial construction waste. It is lighter, but five times as hard as common construction material. All the layers are firmly connected with each other. They won’t separate or deform or collapse.” “The walls are hollow inside. The walls with beam columns are printed with steel bars inside. Workers ...